考研英语外刊巴托启蒙英语比专栏苦活-英语学霸网

H启蒙英语 ello，小树启蒙英语枝们，又见启蒙英语面啦！今天启蒙英语我们一起来看一篇经济?的文章《巴托比专栏：苦启蒙英语活》。

1.文启蒙英语章脉络

2启蒙英语.外刊原文

Work 启蒙英语 confers dignity. But some jobs are also a source of stigma

【Para.1】The term 启蒙英语 “dirty work” was coinedby Everett Hughes, an 启蒙英语 American sociologist, to capture the attitudes of ordinary Germans to the atrocities of the Nazi regime. Hughes used it to convey the idea of something immoral but 启蒙英语 conveniently distant, activities that were tacitly endorsed by the public but that could 启蒙英语 also be disavowed by them. The term has since come to embrace a wide array of jobs, in particular those that are essential but 启蒙英语 stigmatised, both crucial to society 启蒙英语 and kept at arm’s length from it.

【Para.2启蒙英语】In an insightful new book of the same name, Eyal 启蒙英语 Press, a 启蒙英语 journalist, reports 启蒙英语 unflinchinglyon occupations in America that carry the taint of stigma. Among others, he interviews prison guards in Florida and slaughterhouse workers in Texas. The pandemic has changed people’s awareness of some essential work: meat-processing plants were 启蒙英语 designated as critical infrastructure by the Trump administration in 2020, for example. But these jobs remain largely hidden from view; many are in physically isolated locations. People do not know what these workplaces are like and do 启蒙英语 not care to.

【Para.3】Dirty jobs often pay better than other openings. But 启蒙英语 they impose unseen costs. They usually involve inflicting harm on others (or on the environment), and they ask emotionally and morally compromising questions of the people who perform them. What is it like to work day in and day out as a “knocker” 启蒙英语 or a “live hanger” on a slaughterhouse kill floor? Should a prison guard risk her livelihood 启蒙英语 to speak up about the violence routinely meted out to inmates by her colleagues? Mr Press does not exculpate individuals who behave badly in these jobs. 启蒙英语 But by forcing readers to confront the context in which they operate, he makes it harder 启蒙英语 to condemn them as bad apples.

【Para.4】The 启蒙英语 boundaries of dirty work can be drawn too loosely. Some sociologists include firefighting, on the 启蒙英语 ground that it exposes people to danger on behalf of others, yet it is difficult to think of jobs that are 启蒙英语 less morally compromised. Indeed, exposure to danger can be the thing that cleanseswork. Mr Press also meets operators 启蒙英语 of military drones at an air-force base in Nevada. Although drone warfare is a more precise form of combat than many others, operators often struggle with the idea of taking life without taking risk. The personal danger 启蒙英语 that soldiers on the ground face is what separates an unfair video-game from an exercise in valour.

【Para.5】The definition of dirty work can also be too rigid. Although the dirtiest work

often lies at a remove and 启蒙英语 is concentrated among the low-paid, white-collar organisations have their 启蒙英语 own types of grubby jobs. Think of the difference between engineers who build social-media platforms in the name of connectedness and the content moderators who monitor the effluvia that result. The very language of decarbonisation points to emerging fractures within energy-firm workforces, between employees developing the clean 启蒙英语 energies of the future and those pumping the dirty fossil fuels of the past.

【Para.6】Individual roles can also break into dirtier and cleaner tasks. A piece of research in 2012 found that 启蒙英语 animal-shelter workers who were involved in putting animals to sleep were less likely to talk to outsiders about their work. “All The News That’s Fit To Click”, a new book by Caitlin 启蒙英语 Petre, a professor 启蒙英语 of journalism at Rutgers University,

examines the effect 启蒙英语 that performance metrics are having on newsrooms. As she interviewed people for the book, Ms Petre noticed the frequency with which journalists used metaphors of pollution and contamination to describe the risk that chasing eyeballs might compromise the 启蒙英语 integrity of their editorial judgments.

【Para.启蒙英语7】Journalists tend to be good at telling stories, however. Ms Petre describes how 启蒙英语 many of them have drawn symbolic mental boundaries as a way of mitigating this risk. Analysing audience data to work out how to present their work is a “clean” use of metrics; using data to make decisions on content is impure and to be avoided. Criminal lawyers use a different but deep-rooted narrative to make sense of their own unpleasant tasks. They often defend people who have committed appalling crimes, for 启蒙英语 example, but 启蒙英语 because they do so in service of a noble ideal—everyone’s right to a fair trial—they are far less likely to feel morally compromised.

【Para.8】The idea of dirty work should not obscure the fact that having a job is a source of dignity. But some roles exact a hidden toll. 启蒙英语 To draw the sting of stigma, employers have to persuade their workers 启蒙英语 and the public that such jobs are not just essential, but 启蒙英语 also worthy of respect.

3启蒙英语.重点词汇

coin 启蒙英语 v. /k??n/ to invent 启蒙英语 a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use 创造（新词）

Jaron Lanier coined the term ‘virtual reality’ and pioneered its early development. 杰伦·拉尼启蒙英语尔创造了“虚拟现实”这个词，并成为推动其早期发展的先驱人物启蒙英语。

unflinchingly 启蒙英语 adv. /?n启蒙英语 ?f启蒙英语 l?n启蒙英语 t???li/ in a 启蒙英语 strong and determined way, even in a difficult or 启蒙英语 dangerous situation 不屈不挠地；坚定地；不畏缩地

He 启蒙英语 held out his hand unflinchingly for the cane. 他毫不畏缩地伸出手去，任启蒙英语藤条鞭打。

opening 启蒙英语 n. /???p启蒙英语 ?n启蒙英语 ??/ a job that is available 空缺启蒙英语的职位

There are several openings in the sales 启蒙英语 department. 销售部有几个空缺。

cleanse v. /klenz/ to cleanse a 启蒙英语 place, 启蒙英语 person, or 启蒙英语 organization of something dirty, 启蒙英语 unpleasant, or 启蒙英语 evil means to make them free from it 清洗；清除；净化

Straight 启蒙英语 after your last cigarette your body will begin to cleanse itself of tobacco toxins. 一旦停止抽烟，人体立刻就会开始启蒙英语清除体内的烟草毒素。

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