“Vax”中选《牛津英语词典》2021年度词汇’Vax’ declared Oxford English Dictionary’s word of the year

Vax has been chosen as the word of the year by lexicographers at the Oxford English

Dictionary (OED).

Words related to vaccines have spiked in frequency in 2021 due to Covid, with double-vax-

xed, unvaxxed and anti-vaxxer all seeing a surge in use.

OED senior editor Fiona McPherson says vax was an obvious choice as it has made “the

most striking impact”.

“It goes back at least to the 1980s, but according to our corpus it was rarely used until this

year,” she said.

“When you add to that its versatility in forming other words, it became clear that vax was

the standout in the crowd.”

Vax and vaxx are both accepted spellings but the form with one x is more common.

Oxford English Dictionary definitions for vax:

Vax n. A vaccine or vaccination

v. Treat (someone) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease; vaccinate

Vaxxie n. A photograph of oneself taking during or immediately before or after a vaccina-tion, especially one against Covid-19, and typically shared on social media; a vaccination selfie

Anti-vax adj. Opposed to vaccination

Anti-vaxxer n. A person who is opposed to vaccination

Double-vaxxed adj. Having received two doses of a vaccine

Use of the word pandemic has also increased by more than 57,000% this year.

This year’s Oxford-winning word, vax, was first recorded in English in 1799, while its

derivatives vaccinate and vaccination both first appear in 1800.All of these words ultimately

come from the Latin word vacca, which means cow. According to the OED, this is due to

English physician and scientist Edward Jenner’s pioneering work on vaccination against

smallpox in the late 1790s and early 1800s.

老孙详解：

这篇文章比照简略，了解起来并不困难，老孙今日就这篇文章聊聊英语词汇的一些常识。

一、牛津英语词典年度词汇

牛津英语词典是从哪一年头步评选年度词汇的老孙没有去考证，只是搜集收拾了2009年以来的年度词汇：

1、2009年：unfriend 意思是“删去老友”，因其已变成Facebook等交际网络中常用词语。

2、2010年：big society中文说明为“大社会”，最早由英国前辅弼戴维·卡梅伦在竞选中初度提出，主张给民众和当地政府更多权力。

3、2011年：squeezed middle

“被揉捏的中心有些”，多用于指日子艰苦的“中等收入集体”。

4、2012年：omnishambles “一团糟”，意为某件事从一初步时就错得离谱，从任何视点看都是一片紊乱。

5、 2013年：selfie “自拍”，因为越来越多的人喜爱用智能手机自拍，并将自拍摄放上网络。

6、 2014年：Vape “抽电子烟”，其时越来越多名人的参加股动了“vape”的运用，体现了我们对大众议题的重视。

7、 2015年：emoji 网红表情“笑cry”，《牛津词典》对评选这个Emoji表情的说明是：喜极而泣的笑脸(Face with Tears of Joy)。

8、2016年：post-truth “后底细”，意为在特定的环境中，客观实际的陈述，一般不?咧钋楦懈蚵杂跋烊褐诿褚狻?

9、2017年：youthquake，它的界说是“因年青人的行为或影响而引发的严峻文明、政治或社会改造”

10、2018年：toxic，意指“有毒的”。

11、2019年：climate emergency，“气候危机”，这个词的运用频率近两年急剧添加，或许会变成2022年的年度词汇呢。

12、2020年：很怅惘，这一年没有评选出适合的年度词汇，《牛津英语词典》对此的说明是，“2020年是无法用言语表达的一年”。

二、英语词汇越来越“胀大”

学英语的人都对回想单词头疼不已，英语中究竟有多少词汇量？没有人可以计算出来，《牛津英语词典》录入了跨越17万词汇，每年都会有新的词汇被录入进入，一起也有一有些词汇因不再运用而被选择，但总的趋势是英语词汇越来越多。

三、英语词汇的发生途径

一般来说，英语词汇由“词根”+“词缀”构成，这类构词的方法叫派生，比方这篇文章中的年度词汇：

Vax，可以经过在它前面或后边加“前缀”和“后缀”构成一系列有关的单词，vaxxie, vaxxer, anti-vax, anti-vaxxer, vaxxed, double-vaxxed等等。

其他还有“组成”、“转化”、?趼浴薄ⅰ巴饫础钡确椒āＷ槌纱适怯闪礁龌蛄礁鲆陨系ゴ驶蛐硎钦庑┑ゴ实囊挥行┳槌闪硪桓鲂麓剩确?016和2017年的年度词汇post-truth和youthquake； “转化”是指一个单词可以用作不一样的词性，比方VAX既可以用作名词又可以用作动词；?趼浴敝傅氖怯梢桓龆逃锘蛞桓鲇锞浒呙扛龅ゴ实哪承┳帜负显谝煌钩梢桓龅ゴ剩确矫拦Ｍ犯懔烁鯝UKUS，这是指美英澳联盟，A指澳大利亚, UK指英国，US指美国；“外来”指的是从英语以外的言语中根据谐音所造的词汇，比方中文“户口”，英语直接录入了汉语拼音 “Hukou”, “豆腐”则是用谐音“toufu”，甚至中文词汇“土豪”的拼音“tuhao”都变成了抢手候选。

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