根据不一样的阅览意图，可以选用不一样的阅览办法，或称阅览技巧。一般来说，阅览办法有略读、寻读和细读三种。

（1）略读（Skimming）

“略读”又称“阅读”，是指跳过细节，跳过不重要的描绘与比方，进行快速阅览以求捉住文章的粗心和主题思维的办法。

阅览时速度要快，一般来说，250字支配的短文应在二、三分钟之内看完。略读时精力有必要非常会集，不要去回想细节，遇到单个生词或难明的词句均可略过，以求对全文全体意思的晓得。为了非常好地捉住全文的中心思维，略读时要特别留心文章的开始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的段首句和结束句，因为它们一般是对文章内容最佳的归纳。

（2）寻读（Scanning）

寻读是快速寻找某一特别信息的阅览办法。它的意图非常清楚，即找到所需要的信息。往常日子中咱们对这一办法并不陌生。例如从人群中找出你知道的兄弟，从货架上找出你想收购的产品，在书架上寻找一本你要找的书，从一本攻略中找出某个单位的地址等，都是使用这种办法。在寻读时，目光要自上而下，一目数行地寻视与答题有关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。当答复who，when，where等有关文章细节时，咱们用这种办法很快就能找到答案。

（3）细读（Reading for full understanding）

细读是在找到文章中的有关有些今后，在此规模内逐句阅览，特别要对要害词、句细心揣摩，以便对其有比照深化、精确的了解。不只需了解其字面意思，还要经过推理和判别，弄清文章中言外之意所隐含的意思。在细肚隳进程中，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文的布景常识来估测其词义；对难以看懂的长句，可凭仗语法办法，对其加以分析，以抵达正确了解的意图。

总之，在阅览一篇文章的进程中，咱们应根据不一样的需求，选用不一样的阅览办法，对有些阅览了解疑问知其粗心即可，另一些需要寻读，而少量则需要细心揣摩。在三级统考中咱们应当充分使用以上三种阅览办法，即用“略读”法阅读全文，以求捉住文章的粗心和主题思维。在此基础上根据疑问的需求，选用寻读或细读的办法来答复疑问。

（二）解题类型及应试技巧

（1） 主题思维常见发问方法及答题技巧

主题思维题在考试中呈现的频率较高，因为这类题可查询考生抓首要信息的才能，而可以捉住文章的首要信息又是阅览才能的一个极为重要的方面。

这类题在设题常常会用到title， subject， main idea ，topic，theme等词。常见的发问方法有以下几种：

What is the main idea of the passage？

Which of the following would be the best title？

What‘s the best title for the passage？

The main idea of the passage is that _____.

This passage tells us _____.

Which of the following statements best expresses the main ideaofthe passage？

What does the passage mainly discuss？

做这类题常常用略读法，把留心力放在抓首要信息上，不去过火留心细节实际，否则会构成“只见树木，不见森林”的成果。一般的办法是，快速阅览文章时留心找出各段主题句。英文文章各段主题句常放在段首，有时也放在段尾或期间中心，有时不清楚写出，通读文章后把各段主题句联络起来，一般就能得出文章主题。

就整篇文章来讲，首段和尾段一般关于解这类题更为重要。咱们以97年统考试卷中阅览了解有些的第一篇文章为例：

How often one hears children wishing they were grown up， andoldpeople wishing they were young again. Each age has itspleasuresand its pains， and the happiest person is the one whoenjoys whateach age gives him without wasting his time in uselessregrets.

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities tomakelife difficult. If a child has good parents， he is fed，lookedafter and loved ，whatever he may do .It is impossible that hewillever again in his life be given so much without having todoanything in return .In addition ，life is always presentingnewthings to the child——things that have lost their interest forolderpeople because they are too well-know. But a child has hispains：he is not so free to do what he wishes to do； he iscontinuallybeing told not to do things， or being punished for whathe has donewrong.

When the young man starts to earn his own living， he can nolongerexpect others to pay for his food， his clothes， and hisroom， buthas to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spendsmost ofhis time playing about in the way that he used to as achild， hewill go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society ashe used tobreak the laws of his parents， he may go to prison. Ifhowever， heworks hard， keeps out of trouble and has good health，he can havethe great happiness of building up for himself his ownposition insociety.

文章后边第四个疑问是：

The main idea of the passage is that _____.

A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains

B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they workhard

C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one‘s life

D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age inhislife

文章的第一段讲的是我们常传闻孩子们盼着长大成人，晚年人则期望返老还童。人生的每个期间老是欢喜伴着烦恼，而最夸姣的人则是那些既享受人生每一期间所带来的欢喜，又没有因虚度岁月而终身后悔的人。第二段叙说了一自个儿童年代的欢喜与烦恼，第三段则告诉读者青年人的责任与责任，机缘和应战。从以上三段文字来看，第一段中第二句就是主题句，所以咱们应选D为正确答案。

（2） 首要实际和细节题设题思路及答题技巧

首要实际和细节题就是咱们平常所说的由who ，what ，where ，when ，why，which，how引出的疑问。这是极为常见的阅览了解题。这类题首要是关于证明撑持主题的实际或例子设题，可以触及数学核算、概念了解以及对错判别等。

这类题的办法一般是先用寻读法找出与疑问有关的词语或语句，再对有关有些进行细读，找出疑问答案。

这类题发问的方法多种多样，常见的有以下几种：

Which of the following （statements） is Not mentioned inthepassage？

According to the passage，which of the following statementsistrue？

According to the passage， all of the following are trueexcept_____

How many…？

What…？

Why…？

解这类题时，审题是要害，首要必定得看清疑问。比方一句结论性的话后边究竟是…is true，仍是isnottrue.另外，因为细节题比照简略，有时为了添加查验难度，出题人员在题干或选项中要添加一些文字或意义上的烦扰。所以考生很少能在原文中找到千篇一律的现成答案。

咱们引证2002年试题为例。

On Novr 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to GettysburginPennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. TheCivilWar was still going on. There was much criticism ofPresidentLincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He hadbeen invitedto speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. Theprincipalspeaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman andspeaker ofthe day. Everett was a handsome man and verypopulareverywhere.

It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the trainwhilegoing to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone in his hotel roomandtired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The nextdayEverett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.Hisspeech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.ThenLincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paidlittleattention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the endtherewas little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ，Ihave failed again. On the train back to Washington， he saidsadly，That speech was a flat failure， and the peoplearedisappointed.

Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But littlebylittle as people read the speech they began to understandbetter.They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deepmeaning. Itwas a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could havemade.

Today， every American school child learns LincolnsGettysburgAddress by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of thegreatestspeeches ever given in American history.

文章的最终一题是：

Which of the following statements is NOT true according tothepassage？

A. Lincolns Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.

B. Lincolns Gettysburg Address is simple in style.

C. Lincolns Gettysburg Address is memorized by everyAmericanschoolchild.

D. Lincolns Gettysburg Address is the greatest speecheverdelivered in the United States.

答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。?慕惭菀庖迳罨⒏鲂约笃樱蝗缃衩拦磺械脑谛５难寄鼙乘兴慕惭荨保晃恼轮兴傅剑骸叭缃褚磺械娜硕既衔慕惭菔敲拦笆飞献罴训慕惭葜弧！倍皇敲拦罴训慕惭荨Ｋ訢是差错的。

推理性试题大多富含infer ，imply，suggest，conclude，（most）probably等要害词。以下是一些常见的发问方法：

It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

The passage implies that _____.

The passage suggests that _____.

What is implied in the passage？

The graph following （proceeding） this passage probablywilldiscuss （discusses）_____.

推理性试题不能从文章中直接找到答案。

解这类题需要考生在正确了解原文言语字面意义的基础上，运用逻辑推理的办法去了解文章言外之意的意义。对原文中找到的一切有关信息要进行细心分析，摸清它们彼此之间时刻、方位、因果、比照等逻辑联络，在此基础前进行归纳推理，选定答案。

咱们仍以2002年试题中的阅览了解文章为例。

On Novr 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to GettysburginPennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. TheCivilWar was still going on. There was much criticism ofPresidentLincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He hadbeen invitedto speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. Theprincipalspeaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman andspeaker ofthe day. Everett was a handsome man and verypopulareverywhere.

It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the trainwhilegoing to Gettysburg. Late that night alone in his hotel roomandtired out， he again worked briefly on the speech. The nextdayEverett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.Hisspeech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.ThenLincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paidlittleattention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the endtherewas little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked ，Ihave failed again. On the train back to Washington， he saidsadly，That speech was a flat failure， and the peoplearedisappointed.

Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But littlebylittle as people read the speech they began to understandbet

ter.They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deepmeaning. Itwas a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could havemade.

Today， every American school child learns LincolnsGettysburgAddress by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of thegreatestspeeches ever given in American history.

文章后边的第五题就是一个推理性试题。

It can be inferred from the text that _____.

A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he wenttoGettysburg

B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and didnt have much timetoprepare his speech

C. Lincolns speech was full of rich words

D. Lincolns speech was very long

文章的第二段有这样的话：“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech onthetrain while going to Gettysburg. Late that night， alone inhishotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly onthespeech.”“传闻林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火车上预备他的讲演的。那天深夜，在宾馆的房间里，他既孑立又疲倦，只是又简略预备了一下。”所以经过这些语句咱们可以判别林肯非常的忙，没有更多的时刻预备他的讲演，B是正确答案。A，C，D，均不契合文章的内容。

作者的口气情绪一般不会直接写在文章里，只能经过细读文章，从作者的选词及其润饰办法中领会出来。这种题型常见的发问方法有：

The author seems _____.

The author‘s tone in this passage is _____.

The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.

The author‘s intention in writing the passage is to _____.

The writer probably feels that _____.

In the author‘s opinion， _____.

这类考题中，问询口气情绪的题，选择项里常呈现以下一些重要的词：sympathetic怜惜的；critical批判的；doubtful置疑的；tive客观的；enthusiastic热心的，matter-of-fact脚结壮地的；hostile仇视的；satisfied满足的；friendly友爱的；indifferent冷酷的；subjective片面的；optimistic旷达的；pessimistic绝望的；disappointed绝望的；neutral中立的。

问询写作意图的题，选择项里常呈现的词是：

explain说明；persuade?担籧omment谈论；

criticize批判；interest致使……的留心或快乐喜爱；

entertain使欢喜；argue争辩；demonstrate举例阐明，演示；

tell叙说；prove 证明；urge激动；advise?担籥nalyze分析；

praise赞扬，view看待，等等。

例：

One bcenter spot in the U.S. economy in 1979 was thesurprisingdecline in gasoline use. Rising fuel costs are finallyproddingAmericans to cut back on consumption， and the need for thisbecomesmore acute all the time.

有关作者情绪或观念的疑问是：

How does the author view the decline in gas consumption？

A. He is indifferent.B. He thinks it is a good sign.

C. He doesn‘t see the need for it.D. He is unhappy about it.

作者把“the decline in gas consumption”描绘为“one bcenter spot in theU.Seconomy”，可见答案大约是B.

除了要掌控根柢的阅览办法和前面讲到的应试技巧以外，要想在规则的时刻内，既能精确又能快速地答复好一切疑问，考生还应留心以下几点：

1、考生应关于文章的不一样体裁和题型，选择不一样的阅览办法。有时需要先阅读文章，后看标题；有时则否则。但一般情况下，应首要断定文章的主旨或主题，然后再审读疑问。在绝大大都情况下咱们的答题进程大约是（1）预先快速阅读题干和每段首句，断定哪些是要点和有关要素，晓得所设疑问的类型，做到心中稀有。（2）快速阅览文章，晓得文章粗心和要点，从速扫描，读到与方才所记住的与题干有关的内容，先用铅笔做些记号，快速在答案中选出一个暂时答案，然后持续阅览。（3）用最快速度重读疑问，找出心中现已有掌控的答案方位。再阅览一遍该段有关材料，从速答完有掌控的疑问。对那些没有作答的标题，再用上述办法一口气重读一遍文章，这次应找出更奇妙的条理，会集精力处置难题。

2、一般来说，除了主旨及推论型标题以外，标题次序与文章的情节打开是共同的，因而应按标题次序解题。

3、文章较难时，不必严峻，根据言语学科的查验规则，假定文章难则疑问比照简略。只需能极好地使用阅览技巧，就不难找到正确答案。另外，文章偏长也不必定就难，因为在较长的篇幅中，其词汇，语句规划的凌乱程度要相对简略些。

4、阅览进程中，可以在文章或疑问旁空白处做些记号，也可以对一些与答题有关的词句划线。还可以标出一些要害词，特别是文章的观念、论据及一些有关实际，以避免忘掉或回想时浪费时刻。

5、答复疑问时不能依照自个的片面臆断，答复疑问的根据大约树立在阅览文章的基础上。