大学英语人教版8大学下册Unit 10 课文+单词+朗读+常识收拾+词汇说明+句型解析

单词朗读

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yard [jɑ:d] n. 院子

yard sale 院子拍卖会

sweet [swi:t] adj. & n. 甜的，糖块

memory [?mem?r?] n. 回想，回想力，回想

cent [sent] n. 分，分币

toy [t??] n. 玩具

bear [b??] n. 熊

maker [?me?k?(r)] n. 出产者，制造者

bread maker 面包机

scarf [skɑ:f] n. 围巾，披巾，头巾

soft [s?ft] adj. 柔软的

soft toy 软体玩具，布绒玩具

check [t?ek] n. & v. 饭馆账单;查看

check out 调查，调查

board [b?:d] n. 板子，甲板

board game 棋类游戏

junior [?d?u:n??(r)] adj. 方位低下的

junior high school 大学

clear [kl??] adj. 清楚的，明澈的

clear out 收拾，铲除去

bedroom [?bedru:m] n. 卧室

no longer 不再，不复

own [?un] adj. 归于自个的

railway [?re?lwe?] n. 铁路，铁道

part [pɑ:t] n. 有些，零部件

part with 扔掉，交出

certain [?s?:tn] adj. 某一，断定的，无疑的

as for 至于，关于

honest [??n?st] adj. 诚笃的，耿直的

to be honest 说真实的

while [wail] conj. 当…时分，一段时刻，一会儿

truthful [?tru:θfl] adj. 诚笃的，真实的

hometown [?h??mta?n] n. 家乡，故乡

nowadays [?na??de?z] adv. 如今，如今，当前

search [s?:t?] v. 查找，查找

among [??m??] prep. 在其间…之一

crayon [‘kre??n] n. 五颜六色铅笔

shame [?e?m] n. 羞耻

regard [r?’ɡɑ:d] n. & v. 问候，问好;将…视为

count [kaunt] n. & v. 核算，计数;有价值

century [‘sent??r?] n. 世纪，百年

according [?’k?:d??] adv. 依照，依照

opposite [??p?zit]在…对面，与…相对;对面的

especially [??spe??li] adv. 特别，特别

childhood [?t?a?ldh?d] n. 孩童时期

consider [k?n?sid?] v. 细心思考，思考，凝视，

close to 几乎，接近

hold [h?uld] v. 具有，捉住

课文朗读

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常识收拾

【要点短语】

1. these days 当前，如今

2.regard with great interest 以极大的快乐喜爱重视着

3. in order to 为了

4.so far 迄今，到当前中止

5. in need 需要

6. not…any more 不再…..

7. welcome to sp 等待来到…..

8.check out 调查，调查

9. board games 棋类游戏

10. one last thing 最终相同东西

11. junior high school 初级大学

12.clear out 收拾

13. no longer 不再

14.toy monkey 玩具猴

15. part with 与…..分隔

16. to be honest 说真实的

17. ride a bike 骑自行车

18. have a yard sale 进行院子拍卖会

19. one’s old things 或人的旧东西

20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回想

21. give away 捐赠

22. play for a while 玩一会

23. do with 处置，处置

24. search for work 找作业

25.for the last 13 years 在曩昔的13年里

26. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期

27. stay the same 坚持原状

28. according to 依照，依照

29. in one’s opinion 依……看

30. in my time 在我那个年代

【要点句型】

1. Have long have you had that bike over there?

那儿的那辆自行车你买了多久了？

2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .

艾米具有她最喜爱的书3年了。

3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.

自他四岁生日起，他具有这个东西了。

4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.

有些人仍然住在家乡，可是，另一些人可以一年只能回家乡一两次。

5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.

至于我，我不想扔掉我的足球衣，可是，说真实的，我如今现已有一段时刻没有踢球了。

6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?

你是不是早年想过要举办一个院子拍卖会来出售东西？

7. What would you do with the memory you raise?

你会怎样处置你所筹措到得钱？

【论题写作】

某英文报举办“家乡的改变”主题征文活动。请你根据以下提示，“The changes in my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇80词支配的短文。

曩昔：

日子贫穷，房子破旧。污染严峻，废物遍地。交通不便利，游客很少。

如今：

住所宽广亮堂，许多人有了自个的轿车。山更绿了，水更清了，天更蓝了。每年有不计其数来自世界各地的游客。

将来：

请你展望家乡的将来。

【优良满分范文】

The Changes In My Hometown

In the past, my hometown was very small, and people lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here.

Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The environment has become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are clearer and the sky are bluer. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every year , thousands of people from all over the world come to our city.

I’m sure it will get richer and more beautiful in the future. I love my hometown.

词汇说明

1. for/since

(1) for与标明一段时刻的词连用，标明“做某事多长时刻了”，常用于如今结束时，标明从曩昔某时初步，持续到如今的动作或状况。for地址语句中的动词是连续性动词。例如：

I’ve lived in China for two years. 我住在我国两年了。

I’ve known him for more than twenty years. 我知道他20多年了。

(2) since作连词，引导时刻状语从句，从句用一般曩昔时，主句常用结束时。例如：

I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这儿就学习英语。

I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就知道她。

since还可以作介词，联接一个曩昔的时刻点或一段时刻+ago。例如：

She has been ill since last weekend.

她自从上星期末就病了。

She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.

自从四年?驮谖浜骸?/p>

2. maker

maker是名词，意为“出产者；制造者”，是由“动词make + 后缀-r”构成的。英语中，标明作业或身份的名词小结：

(1) 以-ist结束的有：

pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家

physicist物理学家 scientist科学家

(2) 以-er，-r或-or结束的有：

teacher教师 painter画家

writer作家 singer歌唱家

visitor赏识者 actor演员

engineer工程师 inventor创造家

professor教授 reporter记者

(3) 以-man结束的有：

postman邮递员 policeman差人

businessman商人 spaceman宇航员

fisherman渔夫 dustman清洗工

(4) 以-ian结束的有：

musician音乐家 politician政治家

3. certain

certain作描述词，意为“某种；某事；或人”。例如：

He decided to sell his certain books.

他抉择卖掉他的某些书本。

【拓宽】certain作描述词，意为“断定的；无疑的”，恰当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下规划中：

be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有掌控

be certain / sure to do sth. 必定做某事

be certain / sure + that从句 深信…… 例如：

They are certain / sure of success. 他们有掌控成功。

I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我深信他会成功的。

4. a 46-year-old husband and father

46-year-old是复合描述词，这种描述词有两个特征：一是词与词之间要用连字符联接；二是数词之后的名词用奇数方法。例如：

a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子

【拓宽】岁数的表达方法小结：

(1) 基数词 + years old。例如：

He is 8 years old. 他8岁了。

(2) 基础词-year-old。例如：

Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。

(3) 名词 + of + 基础词。例如：

Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。

(4) at the age of + 基数词。例如：

She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。

5. shame

shame是不可以数名词，意为“羞耻；惭愧；惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用，标明“羞耻的人或事；怅惘（怅惘）的事”。例如：

He felt no shame for what he had done.

他对自个所做过的事不感到惭愧。

It’s a shame that you can’t stay for dinner.

你不能留下吃晚饭，真怅惘。

【拓宽】shame常见的短语有：

feel shame at…因……而感到惭愧

in shame惭愧地

have no shame无羞耻心

with shame惭愧地

to one’s shame令或人感到惭愧的是

bring shame on使丢人

6. regard

regard作及物动词，意为“凝视；留心；认作”。常用短语regard…as…意为“将……视为……；把……当作……”，as为介词，这今后可接名词或代词。例如：

I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最佳的兄弟。

We regard him as our brother. 咱们把他当成兄弟看待。

7. opposite

(1) opposite作介词，意为“在……对面”，恰当于across from，常与名词一同构成介词短语，表方位。例如：

They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。

(2) opposite作描述词，意为“另一边的；对面的；相反的”。例如：

We live on the opposite side of the road. 咱们住在马路对面。

(3) opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。例如：

There’s an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。

(4) opposite作名词，意为“相反的人或物；敌对面”，常与介词of一同运用。例如：

“Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。

8. consider

consider作动词，意为?伎肌⑷衔保暮蟊吒省⒍驶蛐泶泳渥鞅鲇铩?/p>

Please consider my suggestion.

请思考我的主张。

Why don’t you consider visiting Qing Dao？

你为啥不思考去青岛赏识？
I consider that he is a selfish man.

我认为他是一个自私的人。

【拓宽】

后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参阅以下归纳：

结束，实习，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；

思考，主张，不由，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；

错失，习气，（别）扔掉（miss, be used to, give up）；

持续，喜爱，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。

练一练：

I. 英汉互译。

1. 多久___________________

2. not …any more __________

3. grow up_____________

4. 起先___________________

5. as for __________________

6. give up_____________

7. 至少________________

8. 一年一两次________________

9. according to ______________

10. in order to___________________

II. 根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。

1. All my life I have tried to be an _________(诚笃的) man.

2. He tied a _________(围巾) around his neck.

3. Please ________(查看) your answer again.

4. It’s very comfortable to step on the _________(柔软的) ground in the spring.

5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build _________(铁路).

6. He is the tallest one _____(在……傍边) the boys.

7. In judging him you should ________(细心思考) his youth.

8. I have many pleasant _________(回想) of our friendship.

9. My little son can _________(数数) from one to ten.

10. Miss Li _______(查找) on the Internet for the information she needed.

III. 用since或for填空。

1. Jill has been in Ireland _________ Monday.

2. Jill has been in Ireland _________ three days.

3. My aunt has lived in Australia _________ 15 days.

4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _______ 7 o’clock.

5. India has been an independent country ________ 1947.

6. The bus is late. We’ve been waiting _______ 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ________ many years.

8. Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital _______ October.

参阅答案：

I. 英汉互译。

1. how long 2. 不再 3. 长大 4. at first

5. 至于…… 6. 扔掉 7. at least

8. once or twice a year 9. 根据；依照 10. 为了

II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。

1. honest 2. scarf 3. check 4. soft

5. railway 6. among 7. consider

8. memories 9. count 10. searched

III. 用括号内所给单词的恰当方法填空。

1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since

6. for 7. for 8. for; since

要点句型解析

1. How long have you had that bike over there?

how long意为“多长时刻”，问询某一动作或状况持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词有必要是连续性动词或

标明状况的连系动词。例如：

How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时刻了？

How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？

【拓宽】how long; how often; how soon的分析：

how long

标明“多长时刻”，首要对时刻段发问。例如：

— How long is he staying? 他方案待多久？

— He’s staying for a week. 他方案待一个星期。

how often

标明“多久一次”，首要对频率进行发问。例如：

— How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？

— Twice a week. 一周两次。

how soon

意为“还要多久”，多用在一般将来时中。例如：

— How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来？

— In an hour. 一小时今后。

2. Because I don’t read it any more.

not…any more意为“不再”。not常位于be动词、神态动词或助动词之后，any more常位于句末，恰当于no more。no more常位于句中，放在be动词之后，实义动词之前，两者常常可以交换。例如：

He doesn’t live here any more. = He no more lives here.

他不再住在这儿了。

【拓宽】

标明“不再”的词还有not…any longer或no longer。二者的差异在于：

(1) not…any more = no more，标明数量或程度上的“不再”添加，一般润饰中止性动词。例如：

The baby isn’t crying any more. = The baby is no more crying.

这个婴儿不再哭了。

(2) no longer = not…any longer标明时刻或间隔上的“不再”延伸，一般润饰连续性的动词。例如：

I can’t stand

it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍耐下去了。

3. Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.

It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为语句的真实的主语，而it为方法主语，方法主语不能用另外词来替代，句中可在描述词后加for sb.，意为“关于或人来说，做某事是……的”。例如：

It’s important for us to learn a foreign language.

对咱们来说，学习一门外语是恰当重要的。

It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables.

对咱们来说，多吃蔬菜和生果是必要的。

【拓宽】

这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有差异：

(1) 在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对或人来说”，句中的描述词是用来阐明to do sth.的，方法主语只能用it。例如：

It’s necessary for the students to do some housework.

关于学生们来说，做些家务是非常必要的。

(2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“或人……”，句中描述词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表规划，即描述词是用来阐明或描述sb.（或人）的。例如：

It’s very kind of you to help us.

你能协助咱们真是太好了。

4. Jim has been in Japan for three days.

(1) been是be动词的曩昔分词方法。

(2) have been in 是be in的如今结束时方法，一般与段时刻状语连用。例如：

He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院现已有两个月了。

【拓宽】have been to; have been in 与have gone to的分析：

(1) “have/ has been to + 地址”标明“去过某地”，如今现已回来了。例如：

I’ve been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次。

(2) “have/has been in + 地址”标明“在某地待了一段时刻”。例如：

He’s been in this school for two years. 他在这所学校待了两年了。

(3)“ have/has gone to + 地址”标明“到某事去了”，如今还没有回来，可以在去的途中，也可以在那里或回来的途中。例如：

— Where’s Wei Hua? 魏华在哪里？

— She has gone to the

zoo. 她到动物园去了。

5. But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.

这是一个复合句，some things至句末为宾语从句，作thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包括由and联接的

两个分句，在第二个分句中，“that holds all his childhood memories”是定语从句，润饰先行词place。关

系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时，联络代词可用that或which，当联络代

词在定语从句中作宾语时，联络代词that或which也可省掉。例如：

I like clothes that/which are unusual.

我喜爱异乎寻常的衣裳。

Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday.

把你昨日给我买的那本书递给我。

练一练：

I. 根据汉语提示结束英语句子（每空一词）。

1. 你具有那儿的那辆自行车多长时刻了？

______ ______ ______ you ______ that bike over there?

2. 请查看一下这些玩具是不是无缺。

Please ______ ______ if these toys are all right.

3. 说真实的，我很喜爱漂亮国村庄音乐。

______ ______ ______, I like American country music very much.

4. 我在纽约住了几个星期。

I have lived in New York for ______ ______ ______ weeks.

5. 他不懈地学习着，直到不再厌烦数学中止。

He worked and worked until he ______ ______ hated mathematics.

6. 怀特先生的回想力很差。

Mr. White has ______ ______ ______.

7. “空的”是“满的”的反义词。

“Empty” is ______ ______ ______ “full”.

8. 许多差人和官兵正在森林里查找从监狱里跑出来的监犯。

Many policemen and soldiers are ______ the forest ______ the prisoner escaping from prison.

II. 句型转化，每空一词。

1. He ran in the school for half an hour. (对划线有些发问)

______ ______ ______ he run in the school?

2. We started to skate two hours ago. (对划线有些发问)

______ ______ you start to skate?

3. They started to play the piano one or two hours ago. (改为同义句)

They started to play the piano ______ ______ ______ two ago.

4. They have been away from here since two years ago. (改为同义句)

______ ______ two years ______ they left here.

5. The man began to work four hours ago. (改为同义句)

The man has ______ ______ four hours.

6. I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句)

I ______ ______ my homework ______.

7. She has cleaned the room. (改为一般疑问句)

______ she ______ the room?

8. Tina bought the car last year. (改为同义句)

Tina ______ ______ the car ______ a year.

III. 补全对话。

A. Who has gone there?

B. When are you going there?

C. I haven’t been there, either.

D. I’ve seen and learnt a lot there.

E. What have you done in the holiday?

F. Which pavilion do you want to visit most?

G. But I hear there’re a large number of people every day.

M: Yang Liu, the summer holiday is over. 1

W: I have visited the World Expo Garden in Shanghai.

M: That must be exciting. 2 You must have waited for a long time to visit some wonderful pavilion, didn’t you?

W: Yes, I did. But I think it’s worth visiting. 3

M: You’re right. I want to go to the World Expo Garden, too.

W: 4

M: I’m planning to go during National Day holiday.

W: 5

M: The China Pavilion, of course.

W: Have a pleasant trip.

M: Thanks.

参阅答案：

I. 根据汉语提示，结束英语句子（每空一词）。

1. How long have; had 2. check out

3. To be honest 4. a couple of 5. no longer

6. a bad memory 7. the opposite of 8. searching; for

II. 句型转化，每空一词。

1. How long did 2. When did

3. one hour or 4. It is; since

5. worked for 6. haven’t finished; yet

7. Has; cleaned 8. has had; for

III. 补全对话。

1-5 EGDBF