英语学霸网 成人英语 2021西安小升初英语必备基础常识大汇总,如今学习还来得及!

2021西安小升初英语必备基础常识大汇总,如今学习还来得及!

原标题:2021西安小升初英语必备基础常识大汇总,如今学习还来得及!

培优/升学/集训

重视

第一有些:基础常识

1.字母:26个字母的巨细写

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

2.语音:元音的发音

五个元音字母:aeiou

12个单元音:

前元音:[i:] [?] /e/ [?]

中元音:[?:] [?]

后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?]

双元音(8个)

合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i]

会集双元音(3个) [i?][ε?][u?]

3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词

4.语句:巨细写,标点符号

第二有些:语法常识

一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格

(一)名词单复数

一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

以s. x. sh. ch结束,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

以“子音字母+y”结束,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

以“f或fe”结束,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

不规则名词复数:

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese

不可以数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(二)名词的格

(1)有生命的东西的名词一切格:

a) 奇数后加 ’s 如: lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

b) 以s 结束的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

c) 不以s 结束的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes

并排名词中,假定把 ’s加在最终一个名词后,标明共有, 如:

tom and mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小轿车

要标明一切物不是共有的,应别离在并排名词后加’s

tom’s and mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小轿车

(2)标明无生命东西的名词一般用“ of +名词”来标明一切联络:如:

a picture of the classroom a map of china

第二有些:语法常识

二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词品种:

(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle

元音最初的可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an id card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane

2. 用法:

定冠词的用法:

特指某(些)人或某(些)物: the ruler is
2021西安小升初英语必备基础常识大汇总,如今学习还来得及!插图

on the desk.

复述上文说到的人或物:he has a sweater. the sweater is new.

说话两边都晓得的人或物:the boys aren’t at school.

在序数词前: john’s birthday is february the second.

用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

不必冠词的情况:

专有名词前:china is a big country.

名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

this is my baseball.

复数名词标明一类人和事:ms can’t swim. they are teachers.

在节日,日期,月份,时节前:today is christmas day. it’s sunday.

一日三餐前:we have breakfast at 6:30.

球类 棋类运动前:they often play football after class. he plays chess at home.

* 但乐器前要用定冠词:i play the guitar very well.

学科称号前:my favorite subject is music.

在称号或头衔的名词前:this is mr li.

固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

第二有些:语法常识

三、代词、描述词、副词

代词:人称代词,物主代词

人称代词物主代词

主格宾格

第一

人称奇数i(我)memy(我的)

复数we(咱们)usour(咱们的)

第二

人称奇数you(你)youyour(你的)

复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)

第三

2021西安小升初英语必备基础常识大汇总,如今学习还来得及!插图(1)

人称奇数he(他)himhis(他的)

she(她)herher(她的)

it(它)itits(它的)

复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)

描述词,副词:比照级,最高档

(一)、描述词的比照级

1、描述词比照级在语句中的运用:两个事物或人的比照用比照级,比照级后边一般带有单词than。比照级前面可以用more, a little来润饰标明程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

2.描述词加er的规则:

一般在词尾加er ;

以字母e 结束,加r ;

以一个元音字母和一个子音字母结束,应双写结束的子音字母,再加er ;

以“子音字母+y”结束,先把y变i,再加er 。

3.不规则描述词比照级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

(二)副词的比照级

1.描述词与副词的差异(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

⑴在语句中描述词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

⑵副词在语句中最多见的是处于实义动词之后

2.副词比照级的改变规则根柢与描述词比照级相同(不规则改变:well-better, far-farther)

第二有些:语法常识

四、数词:基数词、序数词

基数词:

(1)1-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中心加连字符

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数

586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three

(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion

1,001→one thousand and one

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

序数词:

(1)一般在基数词后加th

eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth

(2)不规则改变

one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

(3)以y结束的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth

基数词转为序数词的口诀:

基变序,有规则,词尾加上-th.

一,二,三,特别记,词尾字母t,d,d.

8去t,九去e, ve要用f替。

ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.

如果碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

第二有些:语法常识

五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等

1.at标明时刻概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时刻、期间等)。

at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(拂晓、午夜、正午)

2.on

1)标明具体日期。

注:(1)关于”在周末”的几种标明法:

at(on)the weekend在周末—特指

at(on)weekends在周末—泛指

over the weekend在整个周末

during the weekend在周晚时刻

(2)在圣诞节,应说at christmas 而不说on christmas

2)在(刚……)的时分。

on reaching the city he called up his parents.

一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

3.in

1)标明”时段”、”时期”,在大都情况下可以和during交换,前者偏重比照,后者偏重持续。 in(during)1988(december,the 20th century)在一九88年(十二月、二十世纪)

六、动词:动词的四种时态:

(1)一般如今时:

一般如今时的构成

1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: i am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: we study english. 咱们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称奇数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加”-s”或”-es”。如:mary likes chinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。

动词+s的改变规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结束,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“子音字母+y”结束,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(2)一般曩昔时:

动词曩昔式详解 动词的曩昔式的构陈规则有:

a、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后边加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结束的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以子音字母加y结束的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (留心play、stay不是子音字母加y,所以不归于此类)

④ 双写最终一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

b、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)大学期间要记住以下动词的原形和曩昔式:

sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3)一般将来时:

根柢规划:

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will

i am going to go swimming tomorrow(明日). = i will go swimming tomorrow.

(4)如今进行时: am,is,are+动词如今分词

动词如今分词详解 动词的ing方法的构陈规则:

① 一般的直接在后边加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结束的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 双写最终一个字母的(此类动词很少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

第三有些:句法

1.陈述句

(1)必定句:是指用必定的口气来陈述的语句,如:

i’m a student. she is a doctor. he works in a hospital.

there are four fans in our classroom. he will eat lunch at 12:00. i watched tv yesterday evening.

(2)、否定句:富含否定词或标明否定意义词的语句,如:

i’m not a student. she is not (isn’t) a doctor.

he does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. there are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

he will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. i did not (didn’t) watch tv yesterday evening.

2. 疑问句

一般疑问句:是指问询实际的语句,此类语句有必要用“yes”,或“no”来答复。

特别疑问句:以特别疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)最初引导的语句。此类语句大约问啥就答啥,不能用“yes 、no”来答复。

3.there be句型

there be 句型与have, has的差异

1、there be 句型标明:在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中,主语是奇数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词抉择。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has) 的差异:there be 标明在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 标明或人具有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于必定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于必定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、关于数量发问的特别疑问句的根柢规划是:

how many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

how much + 不可以数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、关于主语发问的特别疑问句的根柢规划是:

what’s + 介词短语?

〈end〉

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