This is Gill here from engVid, and today’s lesson is on the subject of the ” Months of the Year” and where the names for the months come from.

我是来自engVid的Gill，今天的课程的主题是”月份”以及月份名称的来历。

This links to an earlier lesson I did on the days of the week and where those names come from.

这和一个课程有关联，是我讲过的星期课，讲了每周中星期的命名来源。

And this is very similar, really, because a lot of the names come from Roman times, the Roman Empire, the emperors, and so on, Roman mythology, gods and goddesses, that kind of thing, as well as a few Latin words.

这次的也很相似，因为很多名字都来自罗马时代，罗马帝国，皇帝，等等，罗马神话，神灵和女神，诸如此类，还有一些拉丁单词。

So, let’s have a look.

所以，咱们看一下。

The months of the year, so we begin with January, and the God Janus, the god of doors. . .

月份，所以我们从一月份（January）开始，雅努斯（Janus）神，门神……

If you see a statue or a picture of Janus, you see two faces looking in two different directions, usually left and right.

如果你看到过雅努斯的雕像或图片，你会看到两张朝着两个不同方向的面孔，通常是朝着左右。

The god who looks both ways, back to the past and forward to the future, and also with doors, of course, you either go in through the door or out through the door, so it’s about two directions, a place of transition.

他是注视双面的神，看向过去和未来，也与门关联，当然了，你要么进门，要么出门，所以是关于两个方向的，一个过渡的地方。

Okay?

懂了吗？

So that’s January, coming from Janus.

那么这就是一月，来源是雅努斯。

Okay.

好的。

February, this is maybe not so clear where the name comes from, but people think it comes from the word. . .

二月（February），这个名字的来源可能比较模糊，但人们认为它来自这个词……

The Latin word ” februare” which means to purify, because at that time of year in the Roman Empire there was a Festival of Forgiveness where people were forgiven for things that they’d done.

拉丁词”februare”，意味着净化，因为当时在罗马帝国，有一个宽恕节，人们可就他们所做的一切获得宽恕。

So it was a kind of purification period.

所以那时是一个净化时期。

So it may be that, February comes from that, februare.

所以可能因为是这样，这样有了二月（February），净化（februare）。

Then we have March, which is named after the god of war, Mars.

然后是三月（ March），是以战争之神——玛尔斯（Mars）命名的。

And at one time for a long time March was the first month in the Roman calendar.

曾经有一阵，有很长一段时间，三月是罗马日历的第一个月。

It was counted from here, and then presumably they went to the end and January, February came at the end.

从这里算起，然后大概一月，二月是一年的尽头。

So, Mars. . .

所以，玛尔斯……

March was the first month of the year in the Roman Empire calendar.

三月是罗马帝国历法中一年中的第一个月。

But that changed in the 16th century when Pope Gregory brought in his Gregorian Calendar and made January, the first month of the year officially, and that explains a little bit what we will be coming to at the end of the list where these numbers don’t make sense, but we’ll come to that.

但是16世纪时，教皇格里高利引入了格利高里历法，并创造了一月时，这种情况发生了变化，一月成为了一年中的第一个月，这就为我们将在结尾提到的这些无意义的数字提供了一点解释，我们一会儿讲到。

Okay, so that’s March.

好，这就是三月。

April, Aprilis in the Latin name, and it could come, people think, from the Latin word to open: ” apperire” , and if you think of flowers in the spring opening, it’s that kind of idea after the winter, flowers start to appear, so it’s a springtime kind of word.

四月（April），在拉丁文中是Aprilis，人们认为它可能来源于拉丁文“开”的词汇：”开放（apperire）”，如果你在初春时想到花朵，就是冬天过后的想法，花朵开始开放，所以这是一个喻表春时的词。

May is named after

Maia, the Roman goddess who was the mother of Mercury.

五月（May）是以墨丘利（Mercury）的母亲，罗马女神玛雅（Maia）的名字命名。

June named after Juno, another goddess who was the wife of Jupiter.

六月以另一位女神，朱皮特（Jupiter）的妻子朱诺（Juno）的名字命名。

July is named after the famous emperor, Julius Caesar who was born in that month.

七月以当月出生的著名皇帝，朱利叶斯·凯撒（Julius Caesar ）的名字命名。

He was born in that month when it was called Quintilis, which is the Latin word for fifth, which explains if you start with March as one. . .

他出生在那个月，当时那个月份被称为Quintilis，也就是拉丁词的“第五个”，这就解释了，如果你以三月为开头……

One, two, three, four, five, July was the fifth month at that time.

一，二，三，四，五，七月（July）是当时的第五个月。

But they renamed it anyway after Julius Caesar and it’s now called July.

但是人们在朱利叶斯·凯撒之后对它进行了重新命名，现在叫做July。

And similarly, with August, that used to be called the sixth month, Latin, Sextilis, but it

was named. . .

同样的，八月份，这个名字曾经被称为第六个月，拉丁文，Sextilis，但它被命名……

It was changed and named after Augustus Caesar in the 8th century BC.

它在公元前八世纪以奥古斯塔·凯撒（Augustus Caesar）的名字进行了重新命名。

So, August comes from the emperor Augustus, okay.

所以，八月来自奥古斯都皇帝，好的。

And then the last four are just based on the numbers, and this is where it. . .

然后，最后四个是基于数字的月份，这就是……

This is why it seems strange that September nowadays, it’s not the seventh month at all, it’s the ninth month, but at that time when they were counting from March, it was the seventh month.

这就是为什么现在的九月看起来奇怪，根本不是“第七个月”，而是“第九个月”，但当时他们从三月开始计算，这是第七个月。

That’s why it’s so confusing.

这就是它让人困惑的原因。

So: ” septem” Latin for 7th, September.

所以：”septem”是拉丁文“第七”，九月（September）。

October, ” octo” , Latin for 8th.

十月，”octo”，是拉丁语的“第八”。

November, ” novem” , Latin for 9th.

11月，”novem”是拉丁语的“第九”。

December, ” decem” , Latin for 10th, so， that explains why those months don’t have the right number connection at all.

十二月，”decem”，拉丁语的“第十”，因此，这就解释了为什么有些月份根本没有什么数字联系。

So, that explains that mystery.

是的，这就解答了这个谜团。

And it explains also how we have this influence from so many hundreds of years ago， from the Roman Empire and we’ve never really replaced that system.

它也说明了我们如何受到几百年前的影响，从罗马帝国开始，我们从未真正替换过这个系统。

It’s a bit like the days of the week, with the northern and southern mythology names.

这有点像星期的名称，有南北神话中的名字。

It would be too difficult, probably to try to change the names now, so we still have those names from hundreds of years ago.

可能现在试图改变名字会太困难了，所以我们仍然沿用了几百年前的那些名字。

So, there we are.

所以，就这样了。

So I hope that’s been useful.

希望我讲的内容对你有帮助。

And as I mentioned, we already have a lesson on the days of the week, and a lot of them are also based on the Roman. . . Roman mythology and also the northern Norse mythology from the northern European area.

正如我所提到的，我们有了一节关于星期的课程，其中很多名称也是基于罗马的……罗马神话，还有来自北欧地区北部的北欧神话。

So, if you haven’t already seen that lesson, the lesson on the days of the week, and the names for the days, do have a look at that.

所以，如果你还没有看到那节课，关于星期的课程，以及星期的命名，务必去看看吧。

Okay, so thanks for listening, and see you again soon.

好的，非常感谢你的收听，下回再回。