在新年的各项风俗中,大年夜饭是我国人最为顾虑和期盼的。
我们奔赴千里赶回家,为的就是和家人集会一堂,吃一顿热热烈闹的大年夜饭(Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner / reunion dinner)。
各地大年夜饭都有一些必吃的“硬菜”(main course),说起来就能勾起浓浓思乡情。
图源:视觉我国
你家的大年夜饭里有没有:
东北的小鸡炖蘑菇 Stewed chicken with mushroom
广东的白切鸡 Boiled chicken served cold
北京的烤鸭 Peking duck
湖南的炖猪蹄 Stewed pig’s feet
广西的螺狮鸡 Stewed chicken with spiral shells
江苏的盐水鸭 Boiled salted duck
黑龙江的酸菜白肉血肠 Stewed pickled cabbage with pork and black pudding
福建的 佛跳墙 Buddha jumps over the wall
台湾的蒜蓉蒸乌鱼子 Steamed
mullet roe
内蒙古的手扒羊肉 Mutton eaten with hands
陕北小米年糕 Millet cake
澳门意头菜 Dish with good intentions
新疆烤包子 Roasted stuffed bun
光报是菜名就现已让人员水直流……
这些传承多年的菜品蕴藏着怎样的涵义呢?
鸡:吉利满足
春节吃鸡涵义吉利,因“鸡”字发音与“吉”类似,所以变成各地大年夜饭必备。
图源:视觉我国
春节吃鸡,尽量吃整鸡,一锅鸡汤摆在餐桌中心,涵义团团圆圆、齐规整整。
Chicken is a homophone for ji (meaning “good luck” and “prosperity”). That is one thing that makes it such a welcome dish at reunion dinners. Chicken is usually served whole – head and feet included – to symbolize “unity” and “wholeness”, while also signifying “a good beginning and end” to the year. homophone n. 同音异形异义字
鱼:年年有余
鱼,也是一道全国各地公认的大年夜饭必备菜肴。
鱼与“余”(surplus)同音,岁除吃鱼标志着“年年有余”(having abundance year after year)。
图源:视觉我国
在南边一些区域的风俗中,鱼是最终一道剩下的菜,标明每年都有盈利;还有些当地只需到大学才吃鱼头和鱼尾,这表达了一年的初步和结束都有充裕的夸姣期望。
The fish should be the last dish eaten leaving some leftover, as this has auspicious symbolism for there being a surplus every year. This is practiced north of the Yangtze River, but in other areas, the head and tail of the fish shouldn’t be eaten until the beginning of the year, which expresses hope that the year will start and finish with a surplus.
盆菜:福财满盆
广东人吃大年夜饭是最讲究的,许多菜品都有自个的涵义,就为了讨个“好彩头”。
他们有一道“人才荟萃”的菜肴——盆菜(pen cai / fortune pot)。
图源:视觉我国
盆菜里聚齐了秀丽的食材,有猪、鸭、鸡、鳝、虾、蚝、蔬、汤,标志着充足,标志着新一年的夸姣初步。
This multi-layered Chinese New Year delicacy is filled to the brim with luxurious ingredients – and for good reason. By layering the pot with premium seafood and meat, it literally symbolizes wealth and abundance to mark the start of the new year.
盆菜的食物会按必定次序一层叠一层地排好。上层会放些较贵重的食物,例如鲍鱼、大虾;最基层则放些简略吸收汤汁的食材,如猪皮和萝卜。
虾:开开心心
虾在大年夜饭中也是处处可见。在广东,因粤语中“虾”的发音同一般话的“哈”,虾就变成了生动、高兴和洽运的代名词。
Shrimp is a popular Chinese New Year dish among Cantonese
people. Shrimp represents “liveliness”, as well as “happiness” and “good fortune”, because the Cantonese word for shrimp, ha, sounds like laughter.
图源:视觉我国
五颜六色的高档海鲜齐聚一堂,吃的不只是色香味,更是“和”,一家人吃得团团圆圆、美满足满,这就是春节的意义。
饺子:招财进宝
我国人擅长将水稻和小麦的法力发扬得酣畅淋漓,主食天然是我国大年夜饭餐桌上一位千变万化的明星。
在北方和有些南边区域,大年夜饭都少不了饺子,汪曾祺在《四时佳馔》中写到,“新年吃饺子,比户皆然”。
图源:视觉我国
咱们常认为饺子的英语是dumpling,而其实dumpling的精确意思是“用面包皮裹馅的食物”,并不特指我国的饺子。
因而,只需拼音jiaozi才干真实代表这种我国传统食物。
饺子有1800多年的前史,形状做得像我国古代的银锭(silver ingots)。传说新年吃的饺子越多,这一年赚的钱就越多。
With a history of more than 1,800 years, jiaozi is a classic lucky food for Chinese New Year. Jiaozi can be made to look like Chinese silver ingots. Legend has it that the more jiaozi you eat during the New Year celebrations, the more money you will make in the new year.
年糕:年年高
年糕也是一种标志性的新年食物,因为它的名字富含“一年更比一年高(getting higher
year by year)”的意思。
图源:视觉我国
年糕的英语翻译既可以直接运用拼音niangao,也可以用glutinous rice cake来标明,即糯米糕。
Reach higher highs whenever you chow down on a piece of niangao. This glutinous rice flour dessert is commonly found steamed or fried with a batter to achieve a sweet, sticky, gooey cake that appeals to all ages. It directly translates to “all-year high” which signals a higher level of success in doing business or an incoming promotion at a job for the Chinese.
年糕有甜有咸,比照知名的有西北的黄米炸糕、江南的猪油年糕、福建和台湾的红龟糕等。
红龟糕 图源:视觉我国
汤圆:团圆满足
北方一般在元宵节吃汤圆,但南边一些当地也常在新年吃汤圆,民间有“吃了汤圆大一岁”的说法。
图源:视觉我国
英语有时会把汤圆称作sweet glutinous rice ball,不过更广泛的是直接运用拼音tangyuan。
汤圆的名字和它圆圆的外形(spherical shape),包含着团圆满足(wholeness of a family)的涵义。
Tangyuan is made of glutinous rice flour. Its spherical shape symbolizes union and togetherness as each bite could either
bursts with sweet or savory fillings of red bean, peanut or black sesame paste.
不管在哪里,我国人都用多姿多彩的大年夜饭诠释着爱与团圆。
因而食物的意义不只是饱腹,它是街头巷尾的年味,是焦虑又夸姣的手忙脚乱,菜板上的刀痕和菜汁,锅里冒出的烟,成人嘴角的油,是繁忙,是喧腾,是一个簇新的年岁……
祝你在热腾腾的大年夜饭中,迎来喜乐吉利的新年。
修改:左卓
实习生:张笑妍
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